Thanks @MacimusPrime I believe I've figured out the solution thanks to your post. FUJIFILM X Webcam does in fact work with macOS Catalina! I noticed when I updated zoom and started using it I got a popup that said "“Zoom” would like to access files on a removable volume." After I granted access it started working.
Google Meets however still did not work. To fix that, I had to manually grant Google Chrome access to Removable Volumes. This will be true of any software you want to work with FUJIFILM X Webcam.
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences > Security & Privacy > Privacy > Files and Folders > Ensure Removable Volumes is checked for Google Chrome, zoom.us, any other browser or software you want to work.
joel_damien_55 got a reaction from junix_dxb in FUJIFILM X Webcam not working on macOS Catalina.